What factors influence vocal frequency change?

The correct answer focuses on the fundamental aspects of vocal fold physiology that directly influence vocal frequency. Tension, mass, and length of the vocal folds are crucial factors in determining the frequency of the sound produced during phonation.

When the tension of the vocal folds increases, they become thinner and more tightly stretched, allowing for a higher frequency of vibration, which results in a higher pitch. Conversely, when the tension decreases, the vocal folds are thicker and more relaxed, leading to a lower frequency and pitch.

Additionally, the mass of the vocal folds plays a significant role; heavier vocal folds tend to vibrate at lower frequencies, while lighter folds can vibrate at higher frequencies. Length is also important—longer vocal folds typically result in lower frequencies, while shorter folds can produce higher frequencies.

Understanding how these three factors interact helps to explain why a singer can modulate their pitch and why different individuals have varying vocal ranges. This foundational knowledge is essential for anyone studying speech pathology or related fields, as it underpins the mechanics of voice production.