What happens to pitch and loudness with an impaired respiratory system?

An impaired respiratory system can significantly impact both pitch and loudness due to the vital role of respiration in producing speech sounds. The respiratory system is responsible for providing the airflow necessary for phonation. When there are impairments, such as reduced lung capacity or muscle weakness, the amount of air that can be expelled is decreased, leading to insufficient airflow for optimal vocalization.

With reduced airflow, the ability to produce louder sounds diminishes, resulting in a decrease in loudness. Additionally, pitch is influenced by the tension and mass of the vocal folds. An impaired respiratory system often leads to less control over these aspects, contributing to reduced ability to manipulate pitch effectively, which typically results in a lower pitch as well. Therefore, both pitch and loudness are compromised, hence the outcome is a reduction in both parameters.